Question / . "The Thirteenth Amendment does not permit the withholding or the deprivation of any right necessarily inhering in freedom. It not only struck down the institution of slavery as previously existing in the United States, but it prevents the imposition of any burdens or disabilities that constitute badges of slavery or servitude. It decreed universal civil freedom in this country. This court has so adjudged. But that amendment having been found inadequate to the protection of the rights of those who had been in slavery, it was followed by the Fourteenth Amendment, which added greatly to the dignity and glory of American citizenship and to the security of persona| liberty.. "These two amendments, if enforced according to their true intent and meaning, will protect all the civil rights that pertain to freedom and citizenship. "These notable additions to the fundamental law were welcomed by the friends of liberty throughout the world. They removed the race line from our governmental systems. They had, as this court has said, a common purpose, namely to secure to a race recently emancipated, a race that through many generations have been held in slavery, all the civil rights that the [White] race enjoy. John Marshall Harlan, United States Supreme Court Justice, dissenting opinion in the case Plessy. Ferguson, 1896 • 0 The opinion in the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following arguments about the Fourteenth Amendment? It was determined to be an overreach of the power of the judicial branch. B It was not needed because of the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment. it was necessary to protect the civil rights of African Americans. It was passed in response to Populist unrest in the Midwest. :

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