Answer
2. RNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases. The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). There are three types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
3. The three types of RNA are: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
4. Three major structural differences between RNA and DNA are: RNA has a single-stranded structure, while DNA has a double-stranded structure; RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) found in DNA; RNA has a ribose sugar, while DNA has a deoxyribose sugar.
5. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
6. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template during transcription.
The role of mRNA in protein synthesis is to carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein.