Answer
1. The basic process of DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of DNA, the synthesis of new complementary strands using the existing strands as templates, and the joining of the new strands to the old strands. This process ensures the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.
2. Mutations can occur during the cell cycle, which is the process by which cells divide and replicate. Uncontrolled cell growth can lead to cancer if mutations occur in genes that regulate cell division and growth.
3. The cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of a cell divides into two identical nuclei, ensuring that each new cell receives the correct number of chromosomes. This is important in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction.
4. The nucleotide found in DNA that contains adenine, phosphate group, and thymine is option a.
5. The table shows the percentages of nitrogenous bases in the DNA of humans, chickens, and bacteria.